Mods are great, but adding lots of mods usually has the side effect of adding lots of bizarre and unexpected hazards covering the world. Here's a quick cheat-sheet of lethal and semi-lethal things commonly found when exploring an OPDNS world:
Wicker Men are pagan idols, essentially giant human effigies made of hay bales. They are part of the Witchery mod, and contain a single zombie spawner buried underneath the feet. They do not contain loot chests and have almost no use for players uninterested in pursuing Witchery, although breaking down the hay bales into bread can be a useful source of food if a sustainable food source has not yet been established.
Two types of trees added by Thaumcraft, the former having the appearance of rotund, silver-barked trees with lavender foliage, and the latter being very large, dark, and oak-like. While these trees are not dangerous on their own, they both have a chance of being generated with a cave spider spawner and a loot chest underneath them - these trees can be differentiated from the normal silverwood and greatwood trees by cobwebs collected near the roots.
Pictured: A dryad.
Dryads are nature spirits that wander most overworld biomes. They have the appearance of humanoid females dressed in simple greenish garb, presumably leaves. They are not aggressive and act like any other passive mob. They do not drop anything when killed. Although they can be very annoying as they spawn at ridiculous rates in almost all biomes, killing Dryads is not advised: if five are killed in the same area, a Nature Guardian will be summoned, which is a high level boss from Ars Magica 2.
A crimson cult is a generated structure, consisting of an obsidian platform with a levitating pillar in the center. Crimson Clerics and Crimson Knights will spawn around this structure, with the knights milling about it and the clerics levitating near the pillar, with arms raised towards it in apparent worship. Knights will attack anyone who approaches, whereas Clerics will only attack in retaliation or if another cleric in their cult is attacked. Both are EXTREMELY DANGEROUS, as they have powerful attacks, are heavily armored, and have a large amount of health (the knights in particular are capable of taking up to five buster rounds to the face before going down). They will only attack if the player tries to approach their object of worship, and will cease aggression if the player leaves - for this reason, it is best to simply avoid contact rather than attempt to fight them.
Pictured: A taint-infected landscape. Source: http://thaumcraft-4.wikia.com/wiki/Taint
Taint is a magical disease that can infect landscapes and mobs. It is very dangerous, as standing in it will poison you. Various taint-related monsters can spawn in tainted areas, such as taint swarms and taintacles, as well as tainted variants of normal passive mobs. Taint will spread, slowly engulfing the landscape if left unchecked. Methods exist to stop the spread of taint, although if the tainted area is in a normally unloaded chunk, it can be safely ignored.
Pictured: A Poison Ivy plant. Source: http://biomesoplenty.wikia.com/wiki/Poison_Ivy
Poison Ivy is a small plant that can spawn in most "forest" type biomes. Touching it will poison you. It is recommended to break any that you find to avoid the problem in the future.
Pictured: a naturally-generated stone circle.
Pictured: A stone circle with the inner well removed to expose the witch spawners.
Occasionally you will find Stonehenge-like arrangements out in the world, with a circle of stone pillars topped to form a ring. In the center of these will be a stone well - at the bottom of this well is a dispenser with a small amount of dungeon loot. Buried underneath the well will be witch spawners.
Certain desert-type biomes can spawn with quicksand, a kind of sand that will trap and impede players in a manner similar to cobwebs. If you get caught in quicksand, you will slowly sink until you (eventually) drown. Fortunately, quicksand pits are fairly shallow and it's usually quite easy to escape by simply digging the blocks underneath your feet.
Pictured: A burning blossom plant. Source: http://biomesoplenty.wikia.com/wiki/Burning_Blossom
Burning blossoms are an orange flower than can spawn in the nether. Touching or breaking them will set you on fire. That's about all there is to say on them.
Pictured: a small pack of hellhounds.
Hellhounds are a hostile mob that spawn in the nether, resembling red-tinted wolves. Unlike wolves, however, they are aggressive by default, and their attacks set you on fire (of course). Having not fought one myself, I cannot say with certainty how difficult accosting a pack of them would be, but based on the description I'd prefer not to find out.
Pictured: A block of smoldering grass.
Smoldering Grass is a terrain feature added to the nether by Biome's 'O Plenty. In a rare moment of creativity from the modding community, touching s smoldering grass block will instantly heal you to full health, give you Strength IV, Regen III, Speed IV, and the ability to fly permanently, and spray diamonds and puppies everywhere!
I'm just kidding. It sets you on fire. Moving on...
Wither wart, with adjacent nether wart for reference. Source: http://biomesoplenty.wikia.com/wiki/Wither_Wart
Wither wart is a plant added by Biome's 'O Plenty that spawns in the nether, specifically in the "undergarden" biome. It's basically the same kind of bullshit as Burning Blossoms, Poison Ivy and Smoldering Grass - except, just for a touch of variety, this one withers you instead. Also, just as an added "fuck you", it looks almost indistinguishable from normal nether wart, the only difference being it's incredibly slight difference in coloration.
It's like, we get it Mr. Modder. The nether is not a nice place. Why do you feel the need to add not one, but four different plants capable of hurting players? Why are you so invested in portraying plants as horrible, vile abominations? Did plants bully you as a child? Did they knock you down and steal your milk money? Please do us all a favor: put down the video games for a while and find yourself some therapy for these deep-set issues you have regarding plants.
Pictured: A beehive. No, really.
Pictured: A bee.
Okay, so just in case you weren't 5000 fucking percent done with the nether by now, between randomly getting set on fire by plants and getting your limbs torn off by hellhounds, as well as the run-of-the-mill dangers like the looming threat of death by lava or ghasts or whatever, now there are bees in the nether. Yes, I know how fucking ridiculous that sounds, but just humor me here. There are bees in the nether, okay? Okay.
Bees (or maybe they're wasps or something, I don't remember) will spawn around hives, pictured above. If you find a hive, make sure to keep like a fifty meter radius around it because otherwise you'll have to deal with a metric fuckton of flying assholes stinging every square inch of your exposed flesh. They also like to gang up on you like pussies instead of 1v1-ing like real men. Look, just don't fuck around with bees, okay?